American Artist: Anna Claypoole Peale

Lucy Ann Bainbridge (1814-1884; Daughter of
U.S. Naval Hero, Commodore William Bainbridge),
Depicted Teary-Eyed

American
circa 1833
by Anna Claypoole Peale (1791-1878)

2 x 2 3/8 inches (sight)

watercolor on ivory; housed under glass in a gilt
metal case with a cast foliate border and bail

A view of the portrait outside its case, allowing its colors and
brush strokes to be seen more clearly without the distortion or
reflection that is often caused by the glass lens of a miniature's case
(Click + symbol above for an enlarged view)

This miniature portrait of Lucy Ann Bainbridge is believed to have been painted in 1833, when she would have been 18 years old. On May 24th of that year, she married Philadelphia merchant Ashbel Green Jaudon (1800-1864). Two months later, on July 27th, her father, Commodore William Bainbridge (1774-1833), died of a prolonged illness. Considering her teary-eyed appearance, it is believed that Lucy's portrait was painted either just before or just after her father's death.

A close up of Lucy's face, showing her tearful appearance,
depicted with white highlights at the base of her eyes

About the Artist: Born in Philadelphia in 1791, Anna Claypoole Peale was the fourth of six children born to James Peale (1749-1831) and Mary Chambers Claypoole (1753-1829). Her father was an accomplished early American miniaturist; and her uncle, Charles Wilson Peale (1741-1827) was, likewise, of considerable fame as both a miniaturist and full-sized portrait painter. Anna received her earliest training from her father, whom it is said went to great effort to teach her his craft. It is believed that she also received instruction at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, founded in 1805 by her Uncle Charles Wilson Peale and sculptor William Rush. By 1817, she had a thriving business in Philadelphia, where she maintained a studio with her younger sister Sarah Miriam Peale (1800-1885), who painted still lifes and full-sized portraits in oil. She also maintained a studio in Baltimore, at Peale's Baltimore Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts, established in 1814 by her cousin Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860), and made occasional working trips to Washington, D.C., New York City and Boston. From 1814-1843, she exhibited works annually at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. She also exhibited at the Boston Athenæum, the Artists' Fund Society and the various Peale museums. In 1829, at the age of 38, Anna married Rev. William Staughton (1770-1829), who sadly died a mere three months after their marriage. Twelve years later, in 1841, she married Gen. William Duncan (1772-1864), commissioned as a general during the War of 1812, but of greater fame for having in 1824 founded the Jefferson Medical College (known today as the Sidney Kimmel Medical College) and in 1827 founded the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, both located in Philadelphia. Within two years after her marriage to Gen. Duncan, Anna retired from painting professionally, but she left a large body of work, many fine examples of which have survived to this day and are represented in the best of public museums and private collections. She is known to have works in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Arts (New York City), the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Rosenbach Museum (Philadelphia), the Museum of Fine Arts (Boston), the Smithsonian American Art Museum (Washington, D.C.), the Art Institute of Chicago, the Yale University Art Gallery (New Haven, Connecticut), the Walters Art Museum (Baltimore, Maryland), the Cincinnati Art Museum (Cincinnati, Ohio), the Cleveland Museum of Art (Cleveland, Ohio), the Indianapolis Museum of Art (Indianapolis, Ohio), and the National Museum of Women in the Arts (Washington, D.C.). Listed by Benezit, Barratt & Zabar (pages 130-132), Blättel (pages 700, 701), Bolton (pages 120, 121), Bolton & Wehle (page 95), Fielding (page 720), Johnson (pages 159-161), and Schidlof (page 617).

Interestingly, in 1814, the year of Lucy's birth, her father's portrait was painted by Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860), first cousin of Anna Claypoole Peale -- by which one can infer a long familiarity between the Peale and Bainbridge families:

Commodore William Bainbridge (1774-1833)

American
circa 1814
by Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860)

oil on canvass

a holding of the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Click on the images below to view full size pages of a biography of Commodore William Bainbridge, published in 1888 (Wilson, James Grant and Fiske, John, editors [1888]. "Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography", D. Appleton & Co., New York, New York, Volume I, pages 140-142):

Other portraits in the Tormey-Holder Collection by Anna Claypoole Peale
(click photos for larger views and additional information):

Young, Jacksonian Era Lady, Wearing a
Black Dress with a Large, Organza Collar

Jacksonian Era Gentleman
with Blond Hair and Blue Eyes